34 Satellite

Sputnik 1 "Спутник-1"
Organization:	Council of Ministers of the USSR
Major contractors:	OKB-1, Soviet Ministry of Radiotechnical Industry
Mission type:	Atmospheric studies
Satellite of:	Earth
Launch date:	October 4, 1957, 19:28:34 UTC (22:28:34 MSK)
Launch vehicle:	R-7
Decay:	January 4, 1958
Mission duration:	3 months
NSSDC ID:	1957-001B
Webpage:	NASA NSSDC Master Catalog
Mass:	83.6 kg (184.3 lbs.)
Semimajor axis:	6,955.2 km (4,321.8 miles)
Eccentricity:	.05201
Inclination:	65.1°
Orbital period:	96.2 minutes
Apoapsis:	939 km (583 miles)
Periapsis:	215 km (134 miles)
Orbits:	1,440
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Sputnik 1 (Russian: "Спутник-1", "Satellite-1", byname ПС-1 (PS-1, i.e. "Простейший Спутник-1", or Elementary Satellite-1)) was the first artificial satellite to be put into geocentric orbit. The satellite helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers by its orbit change and provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. Because the satellite's body was filled with pressurized nitrogen, Sputnik 1 also provided the first opportunity for meteoroid detection as losses in internal pressure due to meteoroid penetration of the outer surface would have been evident in the temperature data. Sputnik 1 pioneered Soviet Sputnik program and ignited the so-called Space Race within the Cold War.

Sputnik-1 was set in motion during the International Geophysical Year from the 5th Tyuratam range in Kazakh SSR (now Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at 29,000 kilometers (18,000 mi) per hour and emitted radio signals at around 20.005 and 40.002 MHz which were received by scientists and ham radio operators throughout the world. The signals continued for 22 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on October 26, 1957. Sputnik 1 burned as it fell from orbit upon reentering Earth's atmosphere, after about 60 million km (37 million miles), made while orbiting.

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