Last update: Saturday 20th of March 2010


Diamond

Diamond

A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets.
General
CategoryNative Minerals
Chemical formulaC
Identification
Molecular Weight12.01 u
ColorTypically yellow, brown or gray to colorless. Less often in blue, green, black, translucent white, pink, violet, orange, purple and red.
Crystal habitOctahedral
Crystal systemIsometric-Hexoctahedral (Cubic)
Cleavage111 (perfect in four directions)
FractureConchoidal - step like
Mohs Scale hardness10
LusterAdamantine
Polish lusterAdamantine
Refractive index2.4175–2.4178
Optical PropertiesSingly Refractive
Birefringencenone
Dispersion.044
Pleochroismnone
Ultraviolet fluorescencecolorless to yellowish stones - inert to strong in long wave, and typically blue. Weaker in short wave.
Absorption spectraIn pale yellow stones a 415.5 nm line is typical. Irradiated and annealed diamonds often show a line around 594 nm when cooled to low temperatures.
StreakColorless
Specific gravity3.52 (+/- .01)
Density3.5-3.53
DiaphaneityTransparent to subtransparent to translucent

Diamond is the hardest natural material known to man and the third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite. Its hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry.

Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities — they make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, Borazon, ultrahard fullerite, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre. About 130 million carats (26,000 kg) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion. About 100,000 kg are synthesized annually.

The name diamond derives from the ancient Greek adamas (αδάμας; “invincible”). They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in ancient India and usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history. Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns. They are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: carat, clarity, color, and cut.

Roughly 49% of diamonds originate from central and southern Africa, although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada, India, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. They are mined from kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes, which brought to the surface the diamond crystals from deep in the Earth where the high pressure and temperature enables the formation of the crystals. The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds by African paramilitary groups. There are also allegations that the De Beers Group misuses its dominance in the industry to control supply and manipulate price via monopolistic practices, although in recent years the company's market share has dropped to below 50%.


Diamond Mp3 Downloads

Download audio files (mp3 and wma) with Diamond Songs using these download websites. The list will be updated perciodically.

  • USEnext - high speed music downloads, try the next generation download service

  • Music ETC - unlimited music, videos and sofwtare downloads for members




  • Diamond Ringtones

    You can get any Diamond ringtone you like (realtone, polyphonic, mono tone, mp3 ringtone) using the next service:

    Diamond Ringtones

    Pick Carrier, Confirm your Phone number and choose the ringtones you want to receive


    Diamond Music Videos

    Music Plate music videos with myspace codes, see Diamond music videos section search for music videos and get your myspace music code.


    Diamond Lyrics

    Get full Diamond lyrics on music plate Diamond lyrics page. Use the search option if the target page is not correctly displayed.




    Diamond in the news

    Ocean 13 star Ellen Barkin, has chosen to wear a Bedat & Co watch from the N°7 collection throughout the recently released film. The Ref. 728.050.109 is a stainless steel watch set with 177 diamonds. Its dial is ornamented with 8 diamond hour markers. Throughout the film, this watch is worn on a red alligator strap as pictured herewith.

    Thor #1 sells out at the Diamond

    The lawsuit brought against Jay-Z by former WCW star wrestler Diamond Dallas Page is close to a settlement.






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